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I. The Man in Troubled Times

A. His Historical Frame

  1. The superscription establishes his timeframe (Isaiah 1:1).

    a. He ministered during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah.

    b. His ministry spans political stability, decline, and reform.

  2. His prophetic activity unfolds over a 60 year period.

B. The Assyrian Shadow

  1. Assyria dominates the geopolitical landscape (2 Kings 15–20).

    a. Tiglath-pileser III pressures the region (2 Kings 15:29).

    b. Sennacherib invades Judah (2 Kings 18:13).

  2. The Syro-Ephraimite crisis defines a turning point (Isaiah 7:1–2).

    a. Rezin of Syria and Pekah of Israel attack Judah.

    b. Ahaz responds with fear rather than faith.

    c. Isaiah confronts him with covenantal certainty (Isaiah 7:9).

C. His Public Role

  1. Isaiah had access to kings (Isaiah 7; 38–39).

    a. He confronts Ahaz directly (Isaiah 7:3–4).

    b. He counsels Hezekiah during national crisis (Isaiah 38:1–6).

  2. His ministry was not isolated but politically engaged.

II. The Vision That Defined Him

A. The Context of His Call

  1. The year of Uzziah’s death marked national uncertainty (Isaiah 6:1).

    a. Earthly throne destabilized.

    b. Heavenly throne unmoved.

B. The Holiness of the LORD

  1. The seraphim declare the LORD’s holiness (Isaiah 6:3).

    a. “Holy, holy, holy” emphasizes absolute moral separation.

    b. The temple fills with smoke, signifying majesty and judgment (Isaiah 6:4).

  2. Isaiah repeatedly uses the title “the Holy One of Israel” (Isaiah 1:4; 5:19; 10:20).