Download a PDF outline here:
121423 Session 45 Romans 16_16-24.pdf
Supplemental Resource: Romans Graphically Presented, pg. 46
Supplemental Resource: Romans Graphically Presented, pg. 51
Supplemental Resource: Romans Graphically Presented, pg. 52
Verses 1-15 - see session 44
Verse 16 - Black
The well-known verse refers to the "holy kiss". It is the translation of the word φίλημα [philema], derived from the verb φιλέω with the suffix "ημα” [ema]. This suffix transforms a verb (in this instance, phileo) into an abstract noun. Consequently, philema represents the expression of phileo. Given that phileo signifies "brotherly love" (as opposed to romantic love), Paul advises his followers to greet each other with manifestations of brotherly love. In the eastern world, this was typically a kiss. In contrast, in the western world, it could be a handshake or a hug. In some regions, it might be a bow, while in others, it could be a food offering. The main point is that the term does not necessitate a kiss in the way we typically understand it.
Verse 17 - Green
This well-known "mark and avoid" instruction, which I think is indirectly applicable to the body of Christ, has unfortunately been exaggerated by some groups. They seem to "mark and avoid" anyone who disagrees with them, even on minor matters.
Paul also instructs us to accept those who are weaker (Rom. 14:1), and to promote peace through humility and meekness (Eph. 4:2-3). He encourages virtues such as compassion, kindness, humility, and patience. These virtues involve forgiving each other and tolerating each other's faults, all tied together by love (Col. 3:12-14). In Philippians, Paul uses Christ's humility and unity as a model for believers. He urges them to consider others' interests and not just their own, thereby fostering unity and harmony (Phil. 2:1-4). Paul also appeals to the Corinthians to avoid divisions and to unite in thought and intention (1 Cor. 1:10).
Paul’s calls for division must be measured against his calls for unity, and thus requires the wisdom of the situation at hand. We should not be too slow to recognize those who cause division that is contrary to sound doctrine, nor too quick to assume such to be the case.
It's intriguing that Paul doesn't specify what he means by "the doctrine which ye have learned." Since Paul had never been there, could he be referring to the apostolic doctrine? Alternatively, given this statement appears at the end of his epistle, could he be referring to the doctrine presented within the Romans' epistle? As it stands, this ambiguity leaves room for interpretation.
Verse 18 - Green
Paul metaphorically uses the term "belly" to describe individuals who are self-serving instead of being servants of Jesus Christ. We should introspectively examine our own service and question our motivations. Are we driven by self-satisfaction, or do we genuinely aspire to serve the Lord?
Those who cause divisions serve not only themselves but also use "good words and fair speeches" to deceive the simple-minded. All of us, as true servants of the Lord, should ensure our speech isn't just good rhetoric, but also fair and truthful.